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Height: 20 – 30m

Spread: Narrowly weeping, deciduous

It is a medium-sized deciduous tree , typically reaching 15-25 m tall (exceptionally up to 39 m ), with a slender trunk usually under 40 cm diameter (exceptionally to 1 m diameter), and a crown of arched branches with drooping branchlets. The bark is white, often with black diamond-shaped marks or larger patches, particularly at the base. The shoots are rough with small warts, and hairless, and the leaves 3-7 cm long, triangular with a broad base and pointed tip, and coarsely double-toothed serrated margins. The flowers are wind-pollinated catkins , produced before the leaves in early spring, the small (1-2 mm) winged seeds ripening in late summer on pendulous, cylindrical catkins 2-4 cm long and 7 mm broad. It commonly grows with the mycorrhizal fungus Amanita muscaria in a mutualistic relationship. This applies particularly to acidic or nutrient poor soils. Other mycorrhizal associates include Leccinum scabrum and Cantharellus cibarius . Old trees are often killed by the decay fungus Piptoporus betulinus , and the branches often have witch's brooms casued by the fungus Taphrina betulina .

Green foliage turning yellow in Autumn with white bark.